Explain the Working Principle of a DC generator

According to
“Faradays law of electromagnetic induction" a conductor moving in a magnetic field cuts the magnetic lines of force. This causes an emf to be induced in the conductor. This induced emf will cause a current to flow if the circuit of the conductor is in closed condition.

In the figure, a single loop of conductor of rectangular shape is mounted over a rotor and is placed between two opposite poles of magnet.Let us consider that the rectangular loop of conductor is ABCD which is rotated inside the magnetic field about its own axis.As it rotates from the one position to another position, it cuts flux lines of the field.
If the rotor of the machine is rotated, a voltage will be induced in the wire loop. When the loop is in the vertical position rate of change of flux linkage is minimal and so voltage induced in the loop is almost zero.Similarly when the loop is in the horizontal position the rate of flux linkage is maximum.
This cycle repeats with each revolution of the coil.

The alternating voltage generated in the loop can be converted into direct voltage by a device called commutator.

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